Free online textbooks that are good for students, and good for the world

Accounting Streams is transforming accounting education, growing a generation of versatile decision-makers who value accountability and sustainable development. Read more about our mission and our international team.

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Critical skills

Accounting Streams seeks to reimagine accounting education for contemporary society, towards developing valuable skills in students.*

  • historical and cultural awareness
  • appreciation and empathy
  • critical thinking and analysis
  • analytical thinking and innovation
  • problem solving and ideation
  • technology
*World Economic Forum Top Skills

Reimagining accounting education

‘Streams’ stands for Sharing, Transparency, Reporting and Ethics. Accounting for Management and Society.

We are are passionate about changing accounting education so that it reflects the challenges faced by the discipline in contemporary society.

Educators – register for our instructor resource centre to gain access to exercises and teaching materials only available to logged-in instructors.

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Principles of Accounting

Embracing the purpose of accounting and its economic, social, moral, and technical underpinnings.

Financial reporting

Why do we need frameworks for financial reporting?

Understand accounting regulation, International Financial Report Standards (IFRS) challenges, and the Conceptual Framework

What is in financial statements?

Explore the purpose of financial statements, their role in accountability, and the key components of the income statement and statement of financial position

How do we create financial accounts?

Learn how double-entry bookkeeping records transactions and understand year-end adjustments like accruals, prepayments, bad debts, and provisions

What are cash flow statements?

How to classify cash transactions and prepare a statement of cash flows using both direct and indirect methods

What is meant by capital?

Different forms of capital, double materiality and Integrated Reporting's six categories of capital – beyond money and machines

How should we measure environmental and social costs?

Why organisations must account for their socio-ecological impacts, distinguish responsible accounting from greenwashing, and rectify misleading practices

What is carbon accounting?

Evaluate carbon measurement concepts, and explore how net zero strategies can be integrated into accounting advisory services

Why do organisations need assurance?

The importance of professional scepticism and judgement, the role of regulation and ethics, and the evolving capacity of assurance practitioners in enhancing accountability

How is financial information tailored for users?

The benefits and constraints of tailoring financial information, and the limitations of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAAP) and non-GAAP metrics

What impacts the nature and content of financial reports?

The social licence to operate, the role of judgement in financial reporting, the impact of laws and standards, and the interaction between financial reporting and tax

How can reported data be used?

Unlock the power of financial statement analysis with ratios, make meaningful comparison, and use reported data to gain insights

How do accountants manage risk and uncertainty?

Considering the consequences of risk and uncertainty on accountants’ judgement

About the project

We are a global group of accounting educators and researchers who embrace the social, moral and technical aspects of accounting in our work to engage with matters of sustainability and accountability. Carnegie, 2022

The Accounting Streams project is made possible by our funding partners

  • Logo of the UCL School of Management
  • Logo of the University of Manchester Alliance Manchester Business School
  • Logo of the UCL Centre for Engineering Education